Mainstreaming the Margins Symposium, Seoul, June 21-22, 2023

@ EWHA WOMANS UNIVERSITY

Days One & Two Overview

The days’ panel and film information is below –

Wednesday June 21	ACTIVITIES
10:00-10:20	Registration
10:20-10:40	Welcome by Brendan Howe (Ewha Womans University) and Jean Oi (AAS President).
10:40-11:00	* BREAK *
11:00-12:30	Panel: “Gendering the Margins of History”
12:30-14:00	* LUNCH *
14:00-15:00	Capacity building workshop: Academic Publishing
15:00-15:30	* BREAK *
15:30-17:00	Panel: “Postcolonial Genealogies of Education and Citizenship”
17:30-19:30	* FILM SCREENING & DINNER *
	“The Missing Picture” (2013) by Rithy Panh

Thursday June 22	ACTIVITIES
10:00-11:00	Capacity building workshop: Publishing for Policy
11:00-11:15	* BREAK *
11:15-12:45	Panel: “Water, Infrastructure and Urban Experience”
12:45-14:15	* LUNCH *
14:15-15:15	Capacity building workshop: Publishing in Education About Asia
15:15-15:45	* BREAK *
15:45-17:15	Panel: “Critical Perspectives on Conflict, Inclusion and (In)security”
17:15-17:30	* BREAK *
17:30-18:30	Special presentations on current archival works: “Memory, Preservation and Documentation” by the Centro Nacional Chega! Timor-Leste and the Bophana Audiovisual Resource Center, Cambodia
18:30-18:45	Closing remarks Brendan Howe (EWU) and Hyaeweol Choi (AAS Vice-President)
18:45-20:00	* DINNER *

Panel Information (abstracts) DAY ONE

Wednesday June 21st, 11:00-12:30
Panel: Gendering the Margins of History

Chair: Hyaeweol Choi
AAS Vice-President, Stanley Family and Korea Foundation Chair in Korean Studies. Chair, Department of Gender, Women’s & Sexuality Studies, the University of Iowa.

1. Nuno Rodrigues Tchailoro
Independent Scholar, Dili, Timor-Leste.

“The Feminization of Timor-Leste’s Resistance History”

Women’s participation in the struggle against 24-year of Indonesian occupation is pivotal. However, male conception of resistance became dominant, especially the ascendancy of armed struggle heroism, which undermined the role of women in the struggle against the occupation. Therefore, in 2010, in order to recognize and value women’s role in the national liberation struggle, the pioneer of women’s emancipation movement, Organização Popular da Mulher Timor (OPMT), conducted oral history research by interviewing more than 800 protagonists of resistance to challenge male dominant conception of struggle and as an effort of feminization of resistance history. This study tries to uncover the hidden histories of women’s participation in the resistance which had gone unremarked upon in mainstream accounts and challenges encountered during the lifetime of the project.

2. Wasinee Sutiwipakorn Topoonyanont
Lecturer at the Integrative Center for Humanities Innovation, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University.

“Roles and Statuses of Female Healers Represented in a Thai TV Drama Royal Doctor (2023) on Netflix”

This study centres on the shift of female roles in medical profession under the colonial discourses of Siam (recently Thailand). By investigating changes of gender roles in medical knowledge and practices to the gender construction in the field of traditional Thai medical practices through a Thai TV drama, Royal Doctor (2023) on Netflix, this research aims at exploring Thai nation-state formation that devalues roles and statuses of female healers in medical profession under patriarchal narratives that limit access of women to education structure. In the pre-modern times when the pre-Buddhist animistic beliefs were still a fundamental element of the culture, female healers played an important role in curing diseases with medicinal plants and midwifery. The female roles in herbalogy and spiritual practices however were declined during the reign of King Rama III of Chakri Dynasty (circa mid 19^th century). The process for accumulating the traditional Thai medical knowledge then was firstly inscribed and centred at Wat Pho as the first public university of Siam, providing a very long-established knowledge in the fields of medicine, sciences, and literature collected from various male royal scholars. These processes ran along with the influence of the Indian Ayurvada the way in which it promotes balance and wholesomeness of body, mind, and spirit in alignment with hegemonic narratives of the state under male historiography. With modernised discourses under colonial contexts, Siam perserved medical profession exclusively for male scholars by undermining female medical profession. The shift of female roles as healers is repeatedly reproduced in modern-day contexts in a Thai TV drama, Royal Doctor (2023) on Netflix.

3. Farhan Ahmed Shaikh
Assistant Professor of Finance & Economics, Department of Economics & Management Sciences, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.

“How crucial is the role of women empowerment in family planning decisions in Pakistan?“

This study aims to assess the association between women decision autonomy and the usage of contraceptive methods. The cross-sectional data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017–2018 has been utilized to infer the results. This study employed the Pearson correlation to analyze the association between women’s empowerment in decision making and the use of contraceptive methods. The study found that women’s autonomy in the decision regarding health care, large household purchase, and a visit to family/relatives has a positive and significant association with the use of contraceptive methods. The results of multinomial regression indicate that the probability of use of modern contraceptive methods is considerably higher as compared to no contraception among women who have autonomy (autonomous in decision making) in the household purchase, health care, and movement. However, the probability of use of the traditional method is higher among women who have autonomy in household purchase and movement decisions while women who have autonomy in health care decision have lessen the probability to use contraceptive methods. The positive association between safe sexual communication and use of contraception method suggest that policymakers should arrange accessible family planning programs and health extension program that provide sexual education to women at their doorstep to improve their sexual communication skills.

4. Ahmad Naeem
Lecturer at the Department of English Language and Literature, Gomal University, Pakistan.

“Mainstreaming the Marginalized Pashtun Women in Pakistani English Fiction”

Surviving in an area which has long been a battleground of various global powers to achieve their ideological and material objectives, the heart-wrenching lived experiences of Pashtun women have often attracted the attention of literary writers. Living in geographically and strategically significant provinces of Pakistan namely Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Baluchistan and the bordering districts of Afghanistan, Pashtun women have been doubly marginalized. On the one hand, they have suffered psychologically and physically under the intrusion and influence of international forces right from the times of the Cold War to that of the War on Terror. While on the other hand, they have been the victims of ruthless traditional patriarchal values which deprive them of educational opportunities, economic independence, health facilities and political awareness. These voiceless Pashtun women have been given voice by literary writers in their fictional narratives like Riaz Hasssan’s The Unchosen (1988), Nadeem Aslam’s The Wasted Vigil (2008), Jamil Ahmad’s The Wandering Falcon (2011), Fatima Bhutto’s The Shadow of the Crescent Moon (2013), Kamila Shamsie’s A God in Every Stone (2014), Ghulam Qadir Khan’s Cheegha, The Call (2014), and Khalid Muhammad’s Agency Rules (2014). This paper aims to study the fictional representation of Pashtun women in the selected literary works of such Pakistani English writers. The focus of the study would be the psychological suppression, commodification, domestic violence, sexual harassment, economic dependence, poor health, and educational conditions of Pashtun women which they have to undergo because of traditional hegemonic patriarchal discourse supported and reinforced by contesting world powers. These factors render Pashtun women vulnerable to exploitation, oppression, marginalization, and objectification. Therefore, the objective of the research is to bring them from the margins to the mainstream and give voice to the voiceless female segment of these communities.

Wednesday June 21st, 15:30-16:30
Panel: Postcolonial Genealogies of Education and Citizenship

Chair: Katherine Bowie
AAS past President, Vilas Distinguished Achievement Professor of Anthropology, the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

1. Subasri Krishnan
Mass Communication Research Centre, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. SIDA-AAS CHSS Research Fellow.

“The Forensics of Memory and Belonging: Citizenship Crisis in Assam”

The paper Forensics of Memory and Belonging:Citizenship crisis in Assam will engage with the idea of citizenship in the state, outside the lens of paper trail, legality and evidence. Assam has a unique situation where Muslims of Bengal origin stand to either lose their Indian citizenship or have already been declared “Foreigners”, because of various citizenship mapping exercises that have been carried out, since the creation of the Indian nation-state. This paper attempts to foreground citizenship through the idea of presence/belonging through history, memory, language and other cultural markers – registers that find no place in bureaucratic imagination that foregrounds citizenship purely through the lens of identity documents and paper trail.

In this paper, I will be using two theoretical frameworks to examine this question. The first one is the idea of Forensic Aesthetic. “Forensic Aesthetics” has emerged as a field of study, especially in places where mass violence and crimes have taken place and deploys technology, media, architecture, art, memory and testimony to create counter-forensic to State narratives in places of violence and state repression. The second conceptual framework is that of Michel Foucault’s idea of genealogy where he offers the possibilities of studying events/moments in history without ‘map[ping] the destiny of a people’. Using both these conceptual frameworks, the paper will argue the inability of the law and bureaucratic registers to comprehend the idea of citizenship beyond the identity document. Instead, social and cultural artefacts of a person – object, photograph, testimony, poetry, memory – all become domains through which claims to citizenship can be made. The presentation will be accompanied with showing audio-visual material on testimonies of people disenfranchised, Miyah poetry, and the detention centre, which embodies the imagination of a carceral Indian state.

2. Tha Leang An
PhD Candidate in Khmer Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

“Remembering Educational Development: A State-building Effort in Post-colonial Cambodia“

This study aims to analyze state-building in post-colonial Cambodia, specifically looking at how education contribute to Cambodia state-building effort. I collected archival evidence and literature in the Cambodian National Archives and examining them using content analysis. The study demonstrates that economic development and growth in post-colonial Cambodia did not match with the growing numbers of graduates who were looking for jobs. Independent Cambodia, in the second half of the 1950s and in the 1960s, could not really maintain autonomy in development of administrative institutions, human capacities, and economic infrastructure. It is hoped that the study can provide a different angle to understand the Sangkum system and be a reference point for economic and education policy-makers.

3. Tahal Thami
PhD Candidate, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.

“Customary Governance and State Legal System in Nepal”

Customary institutions are sui generis judicial, administrative, and political systems for exercising authority and upholding the customary governance system of indigenous peoples across the globe. Such institutions are instrumental in realizing their self-government, autonomy, and self-determination. International human rights instruments about Indigenous Peoples, for instance, the UNDRIP recognizes such rights. The promulgation of the 2015 Constitution and the introduction of a federal structure opened up avenues for the de jure recognition of indigenous peoples’ customary institutions at the local levels. However, de facto recognition was in place for a long time at the local level despite the reticence and prejudices of national laws.

The present study is closely related to the multiculturalism theory and inclusion/exclusion perspective as those are the dominant theory/concept to analyze the situation of pluralism in the context of a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and multicultural society. It employed an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to conclude the study. The administration of the questionnaire, individual interviews, Key Informant Interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were strategies for data collection. Despite the lack of recognition at the federal level, the local government in the western part of Nepal recognizes customary institutions of the community, such as the barghar of Tharus. However, instead of allowing them to operate independently and guaranteeing their rights to self-determination, self-rule, and autonomy as the indigenous peoples’ movement demanded at the time, such recognition tended to subordinate and bring the customary governance system under the control and jurisdiction of the state law.

DAY ONE Film Screening

Wednesday June 21st, 17:30-19:30
Film Screening: “The Missing Picture” (2013)

The Missing Picture (French: L’Image manquante) is a 2013 Cambodian-French documentary film directed by Rithy Panh about the Khmer Rouge.

This film recreates the atrocities of Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge between 1975 and 1979 through animation, archival footage, and clay diorama figurines handcrafted by sculptor Sarith Mang.

Rithy Panh was born in 1964, and at the age of 11 experienced first-hand the upheaval of the Khmer-Rouge takeover. Panh escaped to Thailand and later immigrated to France and enrolled in Cinema Studies and made a career in cinema. His filmography centered around the Khmer-Rouge, focusing on the genocide and the impact on Cambodia. Panh is searching for truth as he explains the process of a loss of cultural identity and how systematically Khmer-Rouge came to power and how the loss of culture impacted Cambodian’s everyday lives.

Panh is searching for truth as he explains the process of a loss of cultural identity and how systematically Khmer-Rouge came to power and how the loss of culture impacted Cambodian’s everyday lives. Khmer-Rouge sought to re-educate Cambodians and purify them in revolutionary Socialism. Panh lost many family members, including his parents and his siblings and nephews. Panh claims he made this film to “find his childhood.” He states “And my childhood returns. Now it is the boy who seeks me out. I see him. He wants to speak to me. But words are hard to find.”

Panel Information (abstracts) DAY TWO

Thursday June 22nd, 11:15-12:45
Panel: Water, Infrastructure and Urban Experience

Chair: Anne Feldhaus
AAS past President, Distinguished Foundation Professor of Religious Studies, Emeritus Professor, Arizona State University.

1. Tuo Solineath
PhD Candidate in Khmer Studies, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

“Urban Development by Clean Water Distribution. A Focus on Households, Economic, And Population Growth”

Lack of clean water in Phnom Penh continues to occur, especially during the dry season. Recently, in 2023, six districts in the suburbs of the city experienced significant lack of water shortages (no water or low pressure from the tap) severely affecting people’s livelihoods, businesses, services, and economic issues. This paper focuses on enhancing domestic water conservation and provides a promising alternative or necessary addition to reduce costs and to stimulate pro-environmental behaviours. Also, the number of field experiments on how people’s behaviours can be changed with respect to their daily water consumption is growing. To date, most studies in this field have focused either on explanatory socio-economic factors (e.g. water pricing, income, or family composition) or intentions and personal characteristics related to behavioural changes. In order to predict the demand of water, footprint assessment techniques and tools are introduced in monitoring water flow across the city in the past decades. This paper provides an analysis based on current water footprints. The examination of water management in energy sectors such as the integration of economics with water management planning, improvement in clean water systems, development and integration of decision-support tool with water supply, future challenges, behavioural change of citizen are explained in detail.

2. Hatib Kadir
Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Cultural Sciences Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia. SIDA-AAS CHSS Research Fellow.

“The Excesses of Urban infrastructure Expansion in West Papua”

My research focuses on the impacts of urban infrastructure expansion in Sorong City, West Papua, Indonesia. The Indonesian government has utilized Special Autonomy Funds to intensively build infrastructure, promising to improve the economic welfare and modernity of Papuans who are considered lagging behind compared to other provinces in Indonesia. Urban development, which was initially intended to benefit economic progress, has instead resulted in chronic flooding, water pollution, sedimentation, social and economic inequality, and reinforced racial discrimination among Papuans unable to keep pace with the rapid urban development. As such, this paper raises important questions about who truly benefits from the urban infrastructure built in Papua’s cities and why infrastructure development creates a dilemma and predicament between economic promises and ecological disturbances.

In the first subsection of this article, my discussion centers around the various types of pasir (sand) and cement that are utilized in the material infrastructure of urban development. Pasir and cement play a crucial role in transforming wet, swampy areas that were previously empty or inhabited only by Papuans into new urban housing, facilitating the ongoing and unstoppable influx of Indonesian settlers.

The second subsection examines the social and environmental consequences of urban infrastructure expansion. From a social perspective, land conflict arises over ownership of the sand mining areas. Environmentally, urban development worsens annual flooding that flows from the hill of sand mining, affecting not only half of Sorong City but also inundating coastal areas predominantly inhabited by Indigenous Papuans.

3. Thianchai Surimas
PhD Candidate, Faculty of Political Science, Chulalongkorn University. Lecturer, Department of Social Policy, Social Development and Community Development, Faculty of Social Administration, Thammasat University, Thailand.

“Water-related Conflicts and Controversies, People Council of the Ing River, and Water Ontologies”

Recently, the debate on water governance and water-related studies has been brought into ontological study. Many scholars highlighted that different ontologies of water are contested and conflicting with the modernist ontology, but most of studies are highlighted on indigenous people and settler colonialism contexts. Some studies further shed light that modern state framed water as a natural resource, which water can be managed. Water is seen as a resource to be controlled, using economic rationality, through development plans and hydraulic infrastructures. Water is tied closely with growth-oriented development and national economic goals. So far, there is still a lack of studies in this aspect in broader contexts, as for many groups outside settler colonialism also tied water with environmental and cultural practices, contrast to the resource to be exploited from modernist ontology. This understanding reflects how different actors and groups are interested in water, which caused water-related conflict and controversies in many places. It has been argued that water-as-resource has been the dominant ontology, while other ontologies have been marginalized.

This paper aims to understand how different groups and networks presented their interest in the Ing River, northern Thailand, which causing water-related conflicts and controversies. Also, it aims to present how these divergent interests and conflicts reflect ontological differences and ontological politics. This research reveals how different meanings, values, and ontologies of water coexist through water practices of People Council of the Ing River as a communities and civil society-led institution, communities practices on water, and controversies over the state-led hydraulic infrastructure project. This paper argues that different meanings, values, and ontologies of water are made from different networks and they coexist, however, modern water ontology or water as resource still dominated and marginalized others. The controversies are not necessarily from water sharing and allocation but also at a deeper level, therefore water policy should embrace different meanings, values, and water ontologies.

4. Sonal Dhanani
Parindey Training and Counselling, Pakistan. SIDA-AAS CHSS Research Fellow.

“Gendered Impact of Floods and Correlation with Mental Health”

Are natural calamities a gendered issue? Perhaps not in themselves. But despite nature’s indiscriminate course, the aftermath of natural disasters is undoubtedly gendered. The devastating floods of 2022 have once again affected women disproportionately. The floods, which started in July 2022, wreaked havoc in 32 out of 35 districts of Balochistan, forcing 1.3 million people to relocate in desperate need of shelter and emergency relief. Flooding can pose substantial social and mental health problems that may continue over extended periods of time. Flooding can challenge the psychosocial resilience of the hardiest of people who are affected. women are disproportionately affected by floods due to social and cultural factors, such as gender roles, lack of access to resources and decision-making, and limited mobility. Women’s experiences during floods can have significant mental health consequences, including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Factors such as loss of property, displacement, and increased caregiving responsibilities can exacerbate mental health symptoms. As a mental health practitioner, I have been conducting outreach field visits in Sindh and Baluchistan since September 2022 to provide mental health counseling to flood survivors. During these visits, I have spoken to hundreds of women and have observed that poor mental health is an epidemic across all flood-affected districts.

Thursday June 22nd, 15:45-17:15
Panel: Critical Perspectives on Conflict, Inclusion and (In)security

Chair: Yosef Djakababa
Assistant Professor, International Relations Study Program. Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia.

1. Myint Than
Master’s Student, Department of Social Sciences and Development, Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.

“Armed Conflicts, Bordering Practices, and the Human (In)security Nexus in Mae Sot and Myawaddy Areas on the Thai-Myanmar Border”

Since the military coup in Myanmar in early 2021, people in different parts of Myanmar have been fleeing armed conflicts between the troops of the military regime and other revolutionary forces and civilian resistance forces. One of the most conflict-affected regions is the Myawaddy and its surrounding area in Karen State, in the Mae Sot region on the Thai-Myanmar border area. Through different means, both legal and illegal, thousands of Myanmar citizens have crossed the Thai-Myanmar border in the Mae Sot area to enter Thailand and find refuge inside Tak Province, Thailand.

Thai authorities in Mae Sot have adopted a strong bordering practice—built on policies in line with their neoliberal project of governance—that enables them to strictly filter and regulate the movement of humans, goods, and finance in the region. The policies’ inclusive and exclusive measures tend to reflect the values of neoliberal agendas, which favor individuals with a high degree of social capital. Transnational elites can cross the region’s political border with ease, but minority groups, working-class individuals, and stateless people are heavily subjected to monitoring, regulation, control, and surveillance by the state’s police as a part of its bordering practices. The security and safety of individuals entering the Mae Sot region through different means are directly linked to their experiences with these bordering practices. The types of incoming individuals who are deemed either legal or illegal establish fundamental relational formations with the authorities regardless of these individuals’ humanitarian status and condition—refugees, displaced persons, war-fleeing individuals, and forced migrants—either economically or politically. The degree of human (in)security of incoming individuals into the Mae Sot region intersects with their social and political subjectivities, carrying social capital and affiliation to a recognized nation-state.

2. Huon Kalyan
PhD Candidate in Social Work, Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

“Sustaining the Local Identity: The Role of Linking Social Inclusion, Capital, and Cohesion in Cambodia’s Governance”

The Cambodians in Stung Treng are known as ‘Nek Srok Lue’ along with lowland Laotians, Chinese, and Vietnamese. Development is threatening their access to land, forests, and natural resources, and three classes have been recognized: the better-off, the middle class, and the poor class. Power relations and exclusions from historical and political patterns are important factors in intergroup relations. Social networks also affect opportunities. However, it is unclear which parts of their culture and identity belong to Khmer and which belong to Laotians or other indigenous groups. This will create challenges for Khmer, Laotian and indigenous groups, who need to strengthen and preserve their own cultures, beliefs, and attitudes to be passed on from generation to generation. This study draws attention to the problems related to the social and cultural situation and its relationship to social cohesion and identity development in these three groups. The main findings of the study will contribute to producing knowledge on to how to sustain local identities through the application of effective roles (Cambodia’s governance) and the practices of social inclusion, capital, and cohesion.

3. Anna Christi Suwardi
PhD Candidate, Naresuan University, Thailand. SIDA-AAS CHSS Fellow.

“Empowering Malay-Muslim Women in Thailand’s Deep South During Conflict: A Look at Individual and Relational Level”

Discrimination against women in the predominantly Malay-Muslim community in Thailand’s southern border provinces is influenced by various factors, including violent conflict that occurred since 2004. The border provinces of Pattani, Yala, and Narathiwat have been suffering from unrest events between the Thai military and Malay resistance groups such as Barisan Revolusi Nasional Melayu Patani (BRN). After almost two decades, the conflict has resulted in over 7,000 casualties. Within the conflict circumstances, women’s groups operating under the umbrella of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are working towards empowerment programs that address women’s issues and promote conflict resolution and peace. These women’s CSOs are recognized as having the potential to promote peace in Thailand’s deep south. However, there is a lack of studies that examine women’s perceptions of empowerment after participating in these programs. This study aims to measure women’s empowerment using the Women’s Empowerment Index (WEI) by focusing on individual and relational levels. Using a survey questionnaire, the study analyzed two groups of women: 142 participants of CSO programs and 167 non-participants. The Chi-Square Test was used to compare the results, which showed that there were statistically significant differences in empowerment perceptions between the two groups at both individual and relational levels (p value < 0.05). The study suggests that CSOs have the potential to reach more women and build stronger consolidation towards peace in Thailand’s deep south.

4. Satish Mahor
PhD Candidate, Madhya Pradesh Institute of Social Science Research, Vikram University, Ujjain, India.

“The Present Context of Religious Conversion among Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh: An Analysis”

India is a secular nation with diverse religions and cultures. Every citizen has the fundamental right of freedom of religion by the Constitution. As a result, every citizen has the constitutional right to practice and propagate religion, manage religious affairs, pay taxes for the promotion of any religion, and attend religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. ‘Shudra varna’, the lowest in the caste stratification, came to be known as “Scheduled Castes” by Indian Constitution. This caste group has been the victim of many stereotypes and disabilities. Scheduled Castes in Madhya Pradesh constitute 15 per cent of the total population and have the right to freedom of religion- constitutionally and theoretically, but from a practical point of view, there are many adversities. In order to ‘positively’ oppose these circumstances, some people among Scheduled Castes have changed their beliefs and faiths, resulting in religious conversion.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the causes, circumstances, and socio-economic changes in the lifestyle before and after the conversion of Scheduled Castes people. They have converted to Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Christianity. To find out the answers to the above questions, this author has selected Guradia village of Khachrod development block in Ujjain district, Niranjanpur of Indore district and Jhadegaon village of Panchayat Temni of Betul district. The rationale for choosing these areas as part of my field investigation was to adequately represent rural and urban areas, male and female in the sample. 100 respondents were selected using the ‘purposive sampling’ method. Primary and secondary sources have also been used for the compilation of the data. With the help of interviews, the present situation has been analysed. Questions about the benefits of reservation, the rituals of marriage, dining and drinking customs, information about festivals, the Conversion Act, and the attitude of other sections towards the converts were asked.

Mainstreaming the Margins Symposium, Seoul, June 21-22, 2023

Days One & Two Overview

Panel Information (abstracts) DAY ONE

Wednesday June 21st, 11:00-12:30Panel: Gendering the Margins of History

Wednesday June 21st, 15:30-16:30Panel: Postcolonial Genealogies of Education and Citizenship

DAY ONE Film Screening

Wednesday June 21st, 17:30-19:30Film Screening: “The Missing Picture” (2013)

Panel Information (abstracts) DAY TWO

Thursday June 22nd, 11:15-12:45Panel: Water, Infrastructure and Urban Experience

Thursday June 22nd, 15:45-17:15Panel: Critical Perspectives on Conflict, Inclusion and (In)security

Wednesday June 21st, 11:00-12:30
Panel: Gendering the Margins of History

Wednesday June 21st, 15:30-16:30
Panel: Postcolonial Genealogies of Education and Citizenship

Wednesday June 21st, 17:30-19:30
Film Screening: “The Missing Picture” (2013)

Thursday June 22nd, 11:15-12:45
Panel: Water, Infrastructure and Urban Experience

Thursday June 22nd, 15:45-17:15
Panel: Critical Perspectives on Conflict, Inclusion and (In)security